Terrorism Is Violence Problem Criminology Essay

Fear based oppression Is Violence Problem Criminology Essay Fear based oppression implies utilization of power and dangers against an individual, gatherings or governments for political or different purposes. Fear based oppression is certifiably not an advanced action; hundred of years back social orders were not as sorted out as they are today with present day offices of streets, phones, and ordinary police power, etc. At that point head of solid gatherings of individuals, looters warriors utilized power and dangers to life and property to get their points. Presently psychological oppression itself is a serious composed movement. There are psychological oppressor associations or social orders which train fear monger for their motivations. Now and then these associations are bolstered by remote governments and immense assets and present day weapons are effortlessly given to them. An ordinary psychological militant association ordinarily neutralizes the legislature. It attempts to wreck key government structures workplaces and open spots like railroad stations and air terminals with bomb and ruinous weapons. It murders individuals and devastates property in crowed places like market communities, transport stands and railroad stations. This set the individuals against the legislature and causes open showings. The bomb impact and the subsequent passings and obliteration in various pieces of our nation is a case of such psychological warfare. A fear based oppressor association working in a nation normally gets cash and weapons from nearby just as outside nations. It additionally holds hands with powerful gatherings or gatherings restricted to the administration inside the nation. Countries or huge nations with in a nation use fear based oppressor strategies to increase more noteworthy opportunity or autonomy. Along these lines the abilities in India have been submitting demonstrations of fear mongering to accomplish self-administers in the Punjab. The Irish individuals in north Ireland have been threatening the British government to drive it to concede them autonomy. There are inside or universal psychological militants who effectively commandeer planes or abduct significant or rich people. They request tremendous measure of cash for the arrival of detainees or some political concessions for the arrival of the planes, travelers or abducted people hijacking have been very regular in our nation. Fear based oppression should be checked cautiously and the administration should compel all the individuals unlawfully present in the nation to leave. It should constrain the evacuees to stay in their camps constantly. It should make courses of action to step the illicit progression of arms and cash into the nation from abroad. It should have extremely compelling mystery administration which can report a wide range of fear based oppressor plans. Different strides for checking fear based oppression take the utilization of the police or the military for a huge scope can be talked about in papers, on the radio and TV and in the chosen gatherings. As indicated by Globally Accepted Definition of Terrorism: Acts submitted with the point of truly threatening a populace, constraining an administration or global association to keep away from playing out any demonstration, or genuinely destabilizing or wrecking the major political, sacred, monetary or social structures of nation or a worldwide association. In the 21st century, psychological oppression experienced numerous large changes or extraordinary change in view of modernization new innovations. Todays world fear based oppression exists with a wide range of causes purposes. Fear mongering is utilized to make clashes between various people groups, gatherings, nations some of the time it is utilized in strict contradictions. In the 21st century, psychological oppression turns out to be more dangerous than earlier hundreds of years. Todays psychological oppressors utilize numerous new strategies, for example, self-destructive assaults, remote control bombs, programmed guns rifles, rocket launchers and so on these can result a huge number of honest people groups being killed or harmed. In Pakistan ordinary individuals were biting the dust in light of no explanation that is the explanation of dread, alarm which are remember for everyones mind. Numerous people groups said about fear based oppression that is: As indicated by Thomas Hobbes, who in 1651 depicted human life in the accompanying Words: No expressions; no letters; no general public; and which is the to top it all off, nonstop dread and peril of savage demise, and the life of man, single, poor, awful, brutish and short As per Malik (2001: 88), Attempts to consolidate all the numerous appearances of psychological oppression inside a solitary definition were bound from the beginning. The term fear mongering has been applied over the entire range of political savagery, and throughout the era of history. It has been applied to times of war and of harmony; to the activities of states, gatherings and people; to activities against liberal states and to activities against oppressive states and tyrannies A few articles which are identified with fear based oppression are: As per Friedland and Merari (1998: 591), Political fear based oppression is a refined type of mental fighting which means to achieve political finishes by bearing on people feelings and perspectives. This article presents the aftereffects of a general conclusion overview, directed on an Israeli national example, which was intended to assess the mental effects of terroristic movement and the essential presumptions that manage it. The outcomes show that psychological warfare is profoundly compelling in prompting trepidation and stress, in any event, when the real harm it causes is moderate. In any case, psychological oppression seems to have neglected to deliver the attitudinal change wanted by its culprits, the elevated levels of dread in any case. Despite what might be expected, fear based oppression caused a solidifying of mentalities, solid restriction to any type of political compromise with psychological militants, and broad help for extraordinary counterterrorist measures. Psych ological warfare, as such, end up being counterproductive. These outcomes gave a premise to a broad examination of the conditions that transform fear based oppression into a conceivably successful device of political impact, and those in which it is probably going to come up short As indicated by Berholz (2006: 221), Terrorism is turning into a weapon of regularly expanding significance to arrive at specific closures, given the capability of mass pulverization accessible to driving worldwide forces and the ascent of one superpower overwhelming the global framework. Much of the time fear based oppression is driven by a philosophy involving a world view with preeminent qualities. Since these qualities are totally consistent with devotees, they must be liked to everything, so fear based oppressors are required to forfeit the lives of others as well as their own. It is along these lines hard to forestall this sort of psychological warfare. However, the undermining harms can be moderated by financial, innovative and political decentralization. Over the long haul, it is considerably increasingly essential to win the otherworldly battle. This should be possible by beginning from the way that professors in philosophies whose preeminent qualities are clashing, can just live respectively calmly, on the off chance that they acknowledge that every individual has the option to pick their own conviction. A relating training needs to forestall fundamentalist guidance and to instill the essential guidelines of a free society As per Crain and Crain (2006: 317), In this paper we gauge the macroeconomic outcomes of psychological oppression utilizing board information for 147 nations for the period 1968-2002. The outcomes uncover that the likely gains to a nation from lessening fear based oppression are very enormous, despite the fact that the particular assessments rely upon a countrys populace, base degree of yield, and speculation. We present assessments of the effect of fear based oppression on GDP, GDP development, speculation, customer spending, and the travel industry. These assessments of the minimal effect of fear mongering give a limit against which a countrys consumptions on hostile to psychological warfare can be gauged As indicated by Victoroff (2005: 3), This article audits the cutting edge of accessible hypotheses and information with respect to the brain science of fear based oppression. Information and hypothetical material were accumulated from the universes unclassified writing. Different hypotheses and some segment information have been distributed, yet not many controlled experimental examinations have been led researching the mental bases of fear based oppression. The field is to a great extent portrayed by hypothetical hypothesis dependent on emotional understanding of episodic perceptions. Additionally, most investigations and hypotheses neglect to consider the extraordinary heterogeneity of psychological militants. Numerous down to earth, reasonable, and mental hindrances have eased back advancement in this significant field. In any case, even at this beginning time of fear mongering contemplates, fundamental reports recommend that modifiable social and mental components add to the begi nning of the psychological oppressor outlook. Mental grant might relieve the danger of disastrous assault by starting the long past due logical investigation of psychological militant attitudes As indicated by Coady (2004: 37), There are various types of fear based oppression as there are of war. It is unpersuasive to make the purposeful focusing of regular citizens a characterizing highlight of fear based oppression, and states just as non-state gatherings can take part in psychological warfare. In a vote based system, voters answerable for a legislatures ridiculous strategies are not really blameless, while recruits are real targets. As opposed to being extraordinarily monstrous, fear based oppression most looks like little war. It isn't generally or fundamentally more ethically ridiculous than war. All war ought to be evaded, yet some war is more ridiculous than other war. Similar decisions ought to be made about psychological warfare. It is proper to think about regular citizens slaughtered by those looking for political change and those utilizing savagery to forestall such change. Once in a while the discussion should concentrate on the legitimacy or absence of it of t he points looked for. While savagery ought to consistently be utilized as meager as could be expected under the circumstances, people with significant influence are answerable for making different methods than brutality successful in accomplishing reasonable political change. While thinking about the imaginable reasons for viciousness, one that has gotten deficient consideration is embarrassment. Mortification isn't equivalent to disgrace. Causing embarrassment can and ought to be evaded

FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF AC High Voltages UNDERGROUND CABLES AND SOLUTIONS Research Paper

Shortcoming DIAGNOSIS OF AC High Voltages UNDERGROUND CABLES AND SOLUTIONS ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES - Research Paper Example I likewise took a gander at the development of water trees in the plastic protection and how both mechanical and compound powers trigger them. Moreover, charges can likewise prompt the development of water trees. After an intensive investigation of deficiency discovery procedures, I chose two of them. They initial one is the attractive indistinct magneto†resistive concentric†neutral testing. The following technique is the radio recurrence test† point infusion. The attractive method can recognize an issue from a normal separation of 90 feet. Underground links have been being used for quite a while in power dissemination organizes because of the preferences related with underground associations. These links are neighborly to the earth, are not hindered by unfriendly climate conditions, are more affordable for shorter separations and have low support costs. The hindrances of these links are that they are more costly than overhead lines, have low force moving limit, are probably going to get for all time harmed and deficiency area in underground links is additionally troublesome. Blames in underground links are isolated into two general gatherings that are lasting and beginning shortcomings. Early blames create from maturing of protection material that can be brought about by substance contamination, electrical overemphasize, extreme natural conditions and mechanical elements. Early blames bit by bit transform into lasting shortcomings. Deficiency area is significant in guaranteeing that conveyance systems stay dependable as the rebuilding will be speedy, with the goal that power blackout time is diminished. The expense of fix will likewise be low if an issue is found and adjusted quickly. This examination significantly concentrates how blames can be analyzed in AC high voltage underground links and the conceivable arrangement strategies for the shortcomings. A few targets must be accomplished to understand this objective. The primary goal is to set up the qualification between underground

Choosing a Short Story Setting that Matters

Choosing a Short Story Setting that Matters Mississippi native, Eudora Welty, was one of the most influential American short story writers of our times. She held this title because she understood the absolute and primary importance of setting within the genre. She said, Every story would be another story, and unrecognizable if it took up its characters and plot and happened somewhere else... Fiction depends for its life on place. Place is the crossroads of circumstance, the proving ground of, What happened? Whos here? Whos coming?...The importance of setting is often overlooked by amateur writers who delve so deeply into characterization that they forget to acknowledge the setting as one of the most necessary characters of them all. For this reason, the setting should be relevant and familiar to the authorâ€"a place he or she knows well and a place that can be described in detail to bring the reader there. The typical word count of short stories does not allow for the same extent of characterization that can be used in novels, so setting must add the additional layer. Who the characters are will inevitably be molded by the setting of the short story.What is included in setting?Setting is more than just place or geographical location. It also includes time period, time of year, and time of the day, as well as the temperature and weather conditions on that day. Beyond this, it includes the social conditions of the charactersâ€"the local color, mannerisms, customs, speech patterns and dialects. All of these added together are the framework of setting and all are important to allow your reader to understand the characters you have created.Since short stories are limited in their words, the tactics you use for creating setting and atmosphere should be chosen wisely. For example, while using the five senses is important (what the character is touching, hearing, seeing, etc.), you must still move the plot forward at a steady pace to reach the resolution within a lowered word count limit. What this means is you cant get lost in sensory detail, although it is important; your setting needs to pervade the story but not overpower it.Setting and contextSetting creates the context within which your characters will change and develop. Think of it this way: In real life, a persons context creates them. Their history, their economic situation, and their cultural background all play an integral role in shaping that person into who they are. The same is true for fictional characters. You must consider a characters context to understand them in depth and the setting creates much of that context for them. It is therefore an incredibly useful part of plot for a writer and much can be accomplished within the creation of it.The impact of settingAs mentioned above, the impact of setting in fiction works much the same way as the impact of setting in real life. How a character sees or interprets the scenes around him or her (and thereby, the setting) will tell the reader much about that character. Is the cha racter moved by the setting? Is the character afraid of the setting? Is the character attempting to escape the setting? All of these considerations will create a three-dimensional depth to your characters that would otherwise be absent if not for the revelations that the setting (and the characters reaction to it) provides.Authors goals in creating settingSo what should be the authors goals in creating a short story setting that does what it is supposed to do?Think about what elements of setting are essential to the story. If a character needs to view something in order to have a particular reaction, make sure youve created the space from which they can view it. If a landmark is a necessary element of the story, describe it in detail. Consider all of the thematic approaches that you wish to use and then think about how setting can relate them.Think about what is needed for characterization. Do you need to show a particular characters attachment to his or her family through photos on the wall? Can you use objects to show a characters lack of responsibility instead of simply stating that he or she is irresponsible? Is the character poor, rich or middle class, and what possessions can they have to denote this?Think about the backstory you need to tell. What parts of your setting have been influenced by earlier events? What is the name of the street or town, and what previous events does that name suggest? What does a character have in his or her possession that tells us something about their past without overtly stating it? What does the character reveal through conversation about where he or she has been and where he or she is going?Think about how to reveal time, place and culture. The objects in the room or surrounding a character reveal the time period in which he or she is living. Street names or famous landmarks reveal location. Artifacts and symbols reveal the culture associated with the story and the characters within it. All of these elements of plot sho uld be shown rather than told.Only through careful consideration of all that your setting should reveal are you able to use setting the way it is meant to be used in writing a short story. Since the short story has such an abbreviated time to reveal a lot of information, using setting to say more than whats written is not only importantâ€"its necessary.

German Medieval Literature Hildebrandslied - 1025 Words

In each text of the following German medieval literature: â€Å"Hildebranslied,† â€Å"Nibelungenlied† and Tristan courtly virtues of muot, à ªre, and triuwe are present and have importance within the context which either make a situation acceptable or not. These virtues make characters within each text either admirable or looked down upon. It also makes meaning of the text complex rather than one-sided. Although all virtues are present and emphasized, equal value is not given to the virtues in all texts except for à ªre. In â€Å"Hildebrandslied,† the character that displays à ªre in an extreme situation is Hildebrand. The conflict of the passage is a father who knows he must battle his son in the name of triuwe and especially à ªre. While Hildebrand has knowledge that his opponent is his son, his son Hadubrand did not recognize Hildebrand as his father because he believes his father is dead from battle. (27-29) Although not directly mentioned, muot is also present through the description of both Hildebrand and Hadubrand as champions. (2) Mental strength is shown through Hadubrand calling Hildebrand â€Å"utterly cunning.† (38) However in â€Å"Hildebranslied,† muot is not as valued as triuwe and particularly à ªre. As à ªre was most valued because although Hildebrand had knowledge of his son, he still has to fighting his opponent to guard his honor and the honor of his lord. This leads to Hildebrand showing triuwe and perfect à ªre to his lord, as he performs the order to fight against his enemy,

Mein Kampf Jewish Virtual Library - 988 Words

In Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote various hate-filled comments such as,â€Å"The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew†(â€Å"Mein Kampf: Jewish Virtual Library† 7). This is only one of the variou slurs the dictator used in the Mein Kampf. There were many controversial topics in the book, not just the derogation of the Jews. He explains the formation of his views and thoughts along with the construction of the Nazi party. Hitler â€Å"decided the he would rule the world with words† and he would be successful in doing so (Zusak 445). The printed work is one of the most popular and well known books in today’s time (Goss 20).Mein Kampf was an iconic symbol of WWII due to Adolf’s view of a future Germany. Most†¦show more content†¦In Book Thief, Hans was constantly being disregarded by the Nazi party for being a â€Å"jew lover’. When he went out to buy a copy of Mein Kampf, a passerby comm ents, â€Å"he will never be approved†¦ even if he buys a hundred copies† (Zusak 128). It was as if buying a book by Adolf Hitler would diminish all of the bad deeds Hans had done but it would no longer help due to Hans sympathy towards the Jew. Hitler targeted the Jews in Mein Kampf, blaming them for the loss of war, which people agreed on. Hitler believed that he was â€Å"acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending [himself] against the Jew, [he is] fighting for the work of the Lord†(â€Å"Mein Kampf: Jewish Virtual Library† 6). He had convinced himself that the Jews were dragging down the Aryans, Hitler’s supreme race, from rightfully ruling the world. The â€Å"struggle for world domination† was an â€Å"ongoing racial, cultural, and political battle between Aryans and Jews† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf†12). Hitler could not trust the Jews who he believed to be founded upon lies (â€Å"Mein Kampf: Jewish Virtual Library† 6). These views were to be spread throughout the country even in school classrooms. The Hitler Youth program, which Liesel was in, was established to do so. When Hans Junior spots Liesel reading a book, he questions her. â€Å"She should be reading Mein Kampf,’ he comments towards Hans. The idea of being superior to

Bombay Stock Exchange Free Essays

Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ Coordinates: 18. 929681 °N 72. 833589 °E Bombay Stock Exchange From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) (Hindi or Marathi: Bombay Share Bazaar) (formerly, The Stock Exchange, Bombay) is the oldest stock exchange in Asia and largest number of listed companies in the world, with 4990 listed as of August 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Bombay Stock Exchange or any similar topic only for you Order Now [2][3] It is located at Dalal Street, Mumbai, India. On Aug, 2010, the equity market capitalization of the companies listed on the BSE was US$1. 39 trillion, making it the 4th largest stock exchange in Asia and the 11th largest in the world. 4] With over 4,990 Indian companies listed over 7700 scrips on the stock exchange,[5] it has a significant trading volume. The BSE SENSEX (SENSitive indEX), also called the â€Å"BSE 30†, is a widely used market index in India and Asia. Though many other exchanges exist, BSE and the National Stock Exchange of India account for most of the trading in shares in India. Bombay Stock Exchange Contents 1 Hours of operation 2 History 3 Timeline 4 BSE indices 5 Sensex correlation with emerging market indices 6 Awards 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Type Stock Exchange Location Mumbai, India Coordinates 18. 29681 °N 72. 833589 °E Founded 1875 Owner Bombay Stock Exchange Limited Key people Madhu Kannan (CEO M D) Currency Indian rupee No. of listings 4,996 MarketCap US$1. 39 trillion (August 2010)[1] Volume US$980 billion (2006) Indexes BSE Sensex Website www. bseindia. com (http://www. bseindia. com/) Hours of operation Session Trading Session Timing 9:00 – 15:30 Beginning of the Day Session 8:00 – 9:00 †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 1/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ Position Transfer Session Closing Session Option Exercise Session Margin Session Query Session End of Day Session 5:30 – 15:50 15:50 – 16:05 16:05 – 16:35 16:35 – 16:50 16:50 – 17:35 17:30 The hours of operation for the BSE quoted above are stated in terms of the local time (i. e. GMT +5:30) in Mumbai (Bombay), India. BSE’s normal trading sessions are on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance. [6] History The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest exchange in Asia. It traces its history to the 1850s, when 4 Gujarati and 1 Parsi stockbroker would gather under banyan trees in front of Mumbai’s Town Hall. The location of these meetings changed many times, as the number of brokers constantly increased. The group eventually moved to Dalal Street in 1874 and in 1875 became an official organization known as ‘The Native Share ; Stock Brokers Association’. In 1956, the BSE became the first stock exchange to be recognized by the Indian Government under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. The Bombay Stock Exchange developed the BSE Sensex in 1986, giving the BSE a means to measure overall performance of the exchange. In 2000 the BSE used this index to open its derivatives market, trading Sensex futures contracts. The development of Sensex options along with equity derivatives followed in 2001 and 2002, expanding the BSE’s trading platform. Historically an open outcry floor trading The Phiroze Jeejeebhoy exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange switched to an electronic trading system Towers house the Bombay in 1995. It took the exchange only fifty days to make this transition. This Stock Exchange since 1980. automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-line trading (BOLT) currently has a capacity of 80 lakh orders per day. The BSE has also introduced the world’s first centralized exchange-based internet trading system, BSEWEBx. o. in to enable investors anywhere in the world to trade on the BSE platform. [7]. The BSE is currently housed in Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers at Dalal Street, Fort area. Timeline Following is the timeline on the rise and rise of the Sensex through Indian stock market history. 1830’s Business on corporate stocks and shares in Bank and Cotton presses started in Bombay. 1860-1865 Cotton price bubble as a result of the American Civil War 1870 – 90’s Sharp increase in share prices of jute industries followed by a boom in tea stocks and coal 1978-79 Base year of Sensex, defined to be 100. †¦wikipedia. rg/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 2/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ 1986 Sensex first compiled[8] using a market Capitalization-Weighted methodology for 30 component stocks representing well-established companies across key sectors. 30 October 2006 The Sensex on October 30, 2006 crossed the magical figure of 13,000 and closed at 13,024. 26 points, up 117. 45 points or 0. 9%. It took 135 days for the Sensex to move from 12,000 to 13,000 and 123 days to move from 12,500 to 13,000. 5 December 2006 The S ensex on December 5, 2006 crossed the 14,000-mark to touch 14,028 points. It took 36 days for the Sensex to move from 13,000 to the 14,000 mark. 6 July 2007 The Sensex on July 6, 2007 crossed the magical figure of 15,000 to touch 15,005 points in afternoon trade. It took seven months for the Sensex to move from 14,000 to 15,000 points. 19 September 2007 The Sensex scaled yet another milestone during early morning trade on September 19, 2007. Within minutes after trading began, the Sensex crossed 16,000, rising by 450 points from the previous close. The 30-share Bombay Stock Exchange’s sensitive index took 53 days to reach 16,000 from 15,000. Nifty also touched a new high at 4659, up 113 points. The Sensex finally ended with a gain of 654 points at 16,323. The NSE Nifty gained 186 points to close at 4,732. 26 September 2007 The Sensex scaled yet another height during early morning trade on September 26, 2007. Within minutes after trading began, the Sensex crossed the 17,000-mark . Some profit taking towards the end, saw the index slip into red to 16,887 – down 187 points from the day’s high. The Sensex ended with a gain of 22 points at 16,921. 9 October 2007 The BSE Sensex crossed the 18,000-mark on October 9, 2007. It took just 8 days to cross 18,000 points from the 17,000 mark. The index zoomed to a new all-time intra-day high of 18,327. It finally gained 789 points to close at an all-time high of 18,280. The market set several new records including the biggest single day gain of 789 points at close, as well as the largest intra-day gains of 993 points in absolute term backed by frenzied buying after the news of the UPA and Left meeting on October 22 put an end to the worries of an impending election. 15 October 2007 The Sensex crossed the 19,000-mark backed by revival of funds-based buying in blue chip stocks in metal, capital goods and refinery sectors. The index gained the last 1,000 points in just four trading days. The index touched a fresh all-time intra-day high of 19,096, and finally ended with a smart gain of 640 points at 19,059. The Nifty gained 242 points to close at 5,670. 29 October 2007 The Sensex crossed the 20,000 mark on the back of aggressive buying by funds ahead of the US Federal Reserve meeting. The index took only 10 trading days to gain 1,000 points after the index crossed the 19,000-mark on October 15. The major drivers of today’s rally were index heavyweights Larsen and Toubro, Reliance Industries, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and SBI among others. The 30-share index spurted in the last five minutes of trade to fly-past the crucial level and scaled a new intra-day peak at 20,024. 87 points before ending at its fresh closing high of 19,977. 67, a gain of 734. 50 points. The NSE Nifty rose to a record high 5,922. 50 points before ending at 5,905. 90, showing a hefty gain of 203. 60 points. 8 January 2008 The sensex peaks. It crossed the 21,000 mark in intra-day trading after 49 trading sessions. This was backed by high market confidence of increased FII investment and strong corporate results for the third quarter. However, it later fell back due to profit booking. †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 3/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ 13 June 2008 The sensex closed below 15,200 mark, Indian market suffer with major downfall from January 21, 2008 25 June 2008 The sensex touched an intra day low of 13,731 during the early trades, then pulled back and ended up at 14,220 amidst a negative sentiment generated on the Reserve Bank of India hiking CRR by 50 bps. FII outflow continued in this week. 2 July 2008 The sensex hit an intra day low of 12,822. 0 on July 2, 2008. This is the lowest that it has ever been in the past year. Six months ago, on January 10, 2008, the market had hit an all time high of 21206. 70. This is a bad time for the Indian markets, although Reliance and Infosys continue to lead the way with mostly positive results. Bloomberg lists them as the top two gainers for the Sensex, closely followed by ICICI Bank and ITC Ltd. 6 October 20 08 The sensex closed at 11801. 70 hitting the lowest in the past 2 years. 10 October 2008 The Sensex today closed at 10527,800. 1 points down from the previous day having seen an intraday fall of as large as 1063 points. Thus, this week turned out to be the week with largest percentage fall in the SenseX 18 May 2009 After the result of 15th Indian general election Sensex gained 2100. 79 points from the previous close of 12173. 42, a record one-day gain. In the opening trade itself the Sensex evinced a 15% gain over the previous close which led to a two-hour suspension in trading. After trading resumed, the Sensex surged again, leading to a full day suspension of trading. BSE indices For the premier stock exchange that pioneered the securities transaction business in India, over a century of experience is a proud achievement. A lot has changed since 1875 when 318 persons by paying a then princely amount of Re. 1, became members of what today is called Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE). Over the decades, the stock market in the country has passed through good and bad periods. The journey in the 20th century has not been an easy one. Till the decade of eighties, there was no measure or scale that could precisely measure the various ups and downs in the Indian stock market. BSE, in 1986, came out with a Stock Index-SENSEX- that subsequently became the barometer of the Indian stock market. The launch of SENSEX in 1986 was later followed up in January 1989 by introduction of BSE National Index (Base: 1983-84 = 100). It comprised 100 stocks listed at five major stock exchanges in India Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Madras. The BSE National Bombay Stock Exchange Index was renamed BSE-100 Index from October 14, 1996 and since then, it is being calculated taking into consideration only the prices of stocks listed at BSE. BSE launched the dollar-linked version of BSE-100 index on May 22, 2006. With a view to provide a better representation of the increasing number of listed companies, larger market capitalization and the new industry sectors, BSE launched on 27th May, 1994 two new index series viz. , the ‘BSE200’ and the ‘DOLLEX-200’. Since then, BSE has come a long way in attuning itself to the varied needs of †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 4/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ investors and market participants. In order to fulfill the need for still broader, segment-specific and sector-specific indices, BSE has continuously been increasing the range of its indices. BSE-500 Index and 5 sectoral indices were launched in 1999. In 2001, BSE launched BSE-PSU Index, DOLLEX-30 and the country’s first free-float based index – the BSE TECk Index. Over the years, BSE shifted all its indices to the free-float methodology (except BSE-PSU index). BSE disseminates information on the Price-Earnings Ratio, the Price to Book Value Ratio and the Dividend Yield Percentage on day-to-day basis of all its major indices. The values of all BSE indices are updated on real time basis during market hours and displayed through the BOLT system, BSE website and news wire agencies. All BSE Indices are reviewed periodically by the BSE Index Committee. This Committee which comprises eminent independent finance professionals frames the broad policy guidelines for the development and maintenance of all BSE indices. The BSE Index Cell carries out the day-to-day maintenance of all indices and conducts research on development of new indices. [9] Sensex correlation with emerging market indices Sensex is significantly correlated with the stock indices of other emerging markets[10][11] Awards The World Council of Corporate Governance has awarded the Golden Peacock Global CSR Award for BSE’s initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The Annual Reports and Accounts of BSE for the year ended March 31, 2006 and March 31 2007 have been awarded the ICAI awards for excellence in financial reporting. The Human Resource Management at BSE has won the Asia – Pacific HRM awards for its efforts in employer branding through talent management at work, health management at work and excellence in HR through technology See also Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers Clause 49 National Stock Exchange of India Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange List of South Asian stock exchanges References 1. ^ World-exchanges. org (http://www. world-exchanges. org) 2. ^ World-exchanges. org (http://www. world-exchanges. org) 3. ^ â€Å"BSE – Key statistics† (http://www. bseindia. com/about/st_key/list_cap_raised. asp) . Bseindia. com. http://www. bseindia. com/about/st_key/list_cap_raised. asp. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 4. ^ World Federation of Exchanges (2007) (http://www. world-exchanges. rg/publications/EQU1107. pdf) â€Å"World †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 5/6 9/27/2010 Bombay Stock Exchange – Wikipedia, th†¦ 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Federation of Exchanges (2007)† ^ BSE website, (http://www. bseindia. com/about/st_key/list_cap_raised. asp) â€Å"Listing and Capital Raised† ^ Market Hours, Bombay Stock Exchange via Wikinvest ^ â€Å"BSEIndia† (htt p://www. bseindia. com/about/tech. asp) . BSEIndia. http://www. bseindia. com/about/tech. asp. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ â€Å"BSEIndia† (http://www. bseindia. com/about/abindices/bse30. asp) . BSEIndia. 2003-09-01. http://www. bseindia. com/about/abindices/bse30. asp. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ â€Å"BSEIndia† (http://www. bseindia. com/about/abindices/preface. asp) . BSEIndia. http://www. bseindia. com/about/abindices/preface. asp. Retrieved 2010-08-26. ^ â€Å"BSE SENSEX Index Chart – Yahoo! Finance† (http://finance. yahoo. com/echarts? s=%5EBSESN#chart1:symbol=^bsesn;range=my;compare=^gspc+eww+ewy;indicator=volume;charttype=line;cros shair=on;ohlcvalues=0;logscale=on;source=undefined) . Finance. yahoo. com. http://finance. yahoo. com/echarts? =%5EBSESN#chart1:symbol=^bsesn;range=my;compare=^gspc+eww+ewy;indicator=volume;charttype=line;cros shair=on;ohlcvalues=0;logscale=on;source=undefined. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ http://www. reutersindia. net/ Asia Technical Analysis with Phil Smith External links Official website (http://www. bseindia. com/) BSE to launch Sensex Futures in US (http://birlaa. com/2008/04/04/bse-to-launch-sensex-futures-trading-inus/) The Evolution Of Indian Stock Market (http://shareskool. com/articles/ViewArticle. inf? article=The+Evolution+Of+Indian+Stock+Market;article_Id=1) Retrieved from â€Å"http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange† Categories: Bombay Stock Exchange | Companies established in 1875 | Stock exchanges in India | Stock exchanges in Asia | Companies based in Mumbai This page was last modified on 25 September 2010 at 00:14. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. †¦wikipedia. org/†¦/Bombay_Stock_Exch†¦ 6/6 How to cite Bombay Stock Exchange, Papers

Business Ethics and Sustainability Digital Media

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics and Sustainability for Digital Media. Answer: An ethical dilemma 2 When good results are bad results Ethical issues for professor Ballisttico: Professor Ballisttico has various ethical issues while analyzing the spreadsheet. The first ethical issue was the unnecessary argument with the assistant related to the research on spreadsheet. The professor was not able to analyze the spreadsheet for which he engaged himself in unnecessary arguments with the research assistant even though she was right at delivering the task. The project that he was analysis was a successful piece of research that analyzed the amount of food additives from the entire angle. The second issue identified is that the professor is untrue and dishonest. Two types of additives are found in the result that leads to human allergy. However, professor was at unease with the result and in dilemma whether to publish it or not as publishing, it will harm the brand name of the company. Despite of knowing that the two ingredients is harmful to humans it was used in the product. This is one of the serious ethical issues faced by the professor. The third ethical issu e is taking the credit of the work that is not delivered by the professor (Lo 2012). Professor is the director of a food company named Foodcorp center for Food Science. The corporation donated money to help the university build an academic research center. The donation was actually given by the professor to establish a research center so that the center could analyze the spreadsheet for the corporation. However the issue in this case was that the professor claimed that the donation was given to help the country excel in its academic and research and development field. Options available to professor: There are various options available to the professor. The question is that whether the professor should publish his findings or not. Option one: the first option is that of publishing the report in media as it has been presented without altering it. Option two: the professor can privately convey the results and findings to the Foodcorp center of food sciences to take proper action to deal with Rotnever and Longlife. Option three: the professor can alter the result and publish fake results in media that will not harm the name of the brand of the company. Out of the given options, the most viable option is the second option in which the result will be conveyed to the concerned department so that they can alter the additives and make it harmless for the human consumption. This will not degrade the brand name of the company and will eliminate the risks that are involved with the product. It is essential for the professor to choose the option that is ethical and sustainable in order to preserve sentiments of all. The options will be assessed analyzing all the factors, circumstances and consequences (Newton et al. 2013). Producing toys-childs play Decision of the product manager The dilemma for the manager is that whether he should get in contract with Thai suppliers for the plastic toys and confectionaries. The Thai business has very bad manufacturing system as it uses children below the age of fourteen years. There is no particular system of manufacturing the products in Thai industry. The products are taken from the warehouses to the houses of the employees where the people wok (Zsolnai 2015). Entire family is involved for manufacturing the products including the children aged below fourteen. Seeing this situation then immediate gut reaction would be not get involved in contract with the Thai suppliers because of a lack in proper systematic manufacturing process and involvement of children in production of commodities even though the products are available at one-third price when compared to Portuguese. The reason for such a decision is due to the lack of proper systematic manufacturing process and involvement of children in the manufacturing of toys. The toys are produced for the consumption by children to entertain them and provide them luxury and new experience. However the toys itself is produced by children that is very unethical and not sustainable. It is important to fulfill the needs of children, give them education and freedom. It is not the age of children to produce commodities and involve in manufacturing process. It is their time to play. Hence, the manufacturing process by the toy company is against the value (Lipman et al. 2014). An ethical dilemma 6 Who cares whose shares? The major ethical issue that has been faced by the company is related to the lethal side effects that are associated with some of the best-selling herbicides manufactured by PharmChemCo (PCC). As a result, if the news is found to be true it will lead to loss for the company as it has an indirect impact on the share price of PCC. The reputation of the company will likely be hampered if the individuals get to know that scientists in a foremost research lab had discovered the lethal side effects. Reputation of the company mainly depends on the past experience of the workers with the company as well as the extent of their contact with it with the help of the media and the word of mouth (Shapiro and Stefkovich 2016). As a result, it can be concluded that reputation is a mixture of awareness by its diverse stakeholders as well as the realism of its policies and performance. The lethal issue that is faced by the company will lead to decision-making ethical issue. As a result, I will find it difficult to make a decision to confront my best friend Freddie about the bad news. This is mainly because Freddie had invested heavily in PCC shares and if he comes to know about the news, he is likely to share his own shares. The loyalty to the employer is another type of ethical issue that has been found as the workers requires to avoid noteworthy conflicts of interest by trying to remain confidential (Valentine and Hollingworth 2012). There are several stakeholders, who are associated with PCC and the major stakeholders are policymakers, Freddie and his clients, regulators, employees as well as supplies. As a result, the marked reputation of the company is likely to be affected through self-infected wounds. The stake of different stakeholders is beyond any comparison. With the fortune of the company, the source of revenue, future as well as demand for basic requirements fluctuated between diverse stakeholders. The decision by the management has a direct bearing on the opportunities of the workers (Zona, Minoja and Coda 2013). The ultimate decision that will be taken includes the fact that I will not sell my own shares and I will not tell Freddie either to sell his shares. This is mainly because companies issue shares in order to elevate equity capital to fund development. However, if the employees of the company decide to sell the shares of the company it might restrict the potential growth opportunities of the company. However, if a stock is dramatically undervalued, the issuing company is likely to repurchase some of its shares at the abridged price and re-issue them once the market has corrected. The second decision that is likely to be taken is to tell Freddie and insist him not to tell his clients. It is certain that once Freddie comes to know about the ethical issue that is faced by PCC, it is likely that he will sell his own shares. This will have a negative impact on the share price before the publication of the article. It is also likely that Freddie is measured by the performance of his recommen dation to his clients. Once his clients also get to know about the status of the company they are also likely to sell the shares of the company (Natale and Doran 2012). There is no difference from justice and rights perspective. This is mainly because justice indicates giving Freddie what he deserves, as he will come to know about the company where he had invested to purchase the shares. There will be no difference, as justice will be provided to Freddie with reference to rightness and fairness. The strong sense of personal ethics will help to make the correct decision. However, difference might take place if I take advantage of my knowledge by letting Freddie run into losses. This will, in turn lead to disloyalty as well as dishonesty. This will also prove me to be selfish and will pose a potential threat to the friendship with Freddie (Mapp 2014). On the other hand, the above perspective is also similar to Freddie when he will act for the information for himself as well as giving advice to his clients. An ethical dilemma 7 Off your face on facebook Ethical issues The ethical issues with human resource manager of AllCure Pharmaceuticals while hiring a new employee is given in the following part. First, it is unethical to stalk profile of others apart from the profile being private. The human resource manager of the clinical company should not stalk the profiles of girls on social network sites on a suggestion from her friend. Invasion of the manager in the facebook profile of second candidate is unethical as leads to an issue of invasion of her privacy. Secondly, it is unethical to judge a person by its social activities and take a decision on career. The social life of a person can be different from her personal and professional life. It is unethical to mix social and professional life. The second candidate is better than the first candidate is as she is more experienced and knowledgeable (Matten 2015). Hence, it is unethical to reject her for the job based on the facebook profile and her social activity. It is also unethical to involve the employees and interns to stalk the profile a new candidate. This will create bad impression on the other people. What the other people think is unethical in case of professional life. If the candidate is suitable for the job then she should be hired without thinking what the people think. Ethical issues is not just in case of manager but also candidate two. It is un ethical to post pictures on facebook that will harm her in her career and profession. Ethical arguments for and against use of social networks Referring social networks for hiring candidates is ethical. However, it is very unethical to stalk the profile of candidate two and judge the person on the basis of facebook profile. The social networking sites can be used to get information on the candidate and hire employees but is unethical to judge a person on the basis of social activity. Most of the potential employers is using facebook and other social network sites to judge a candidate for hiring. The question of ethical issues differs. Few critics argue that the candidates should be hired on the basis of the social network contents while few argue that they should not be judged by the content on social network sites (Ess 2013). In the case given it is viable to check the facebook profile of other s but is totally unviable or unethical to stalk the private contents of the candidate. Since, the contents of candidate two was made private the manager of the clinical company should not have stalked the profile through the intern of the company. This is unethical as it leads to an issue of invasion of her privacy (Slade and Prinsloo 2013). Use of facebook or similar sites: Facebook and other social network sites is used to connect to people and socialize with them. It should not be used unethically. Facebook is used for any reasons. It is used to connect with long lost friends. It is also used to make new friends. Facebook and other social network sites are used for business purpose as well. It is used to promote and advertise the products by posting pictures. Few businesspersons also give option of purchasing the products online through these sites. Facebook or other social sites is used to access information of others. Companies to hire new candidates use it. The case given is influencing, as it helps us learn what we should do on social networking sites and what not. The case study helps in understanding that it is unethical to stalk candidates for profession or career. It is also unethical to hamper privacy of others and judge the candidate based on social activity (Capurro et al. 2014). The case has also helped in knowing that it is not feasible t o publish wrong pictures on facebook or social networks as people form a wrong impression. Hence, it is essential to use facebook in ethical way to connect with people and use it as a way it is meant to be used. Decision of human resource manager The human resource department of the organization has the responsibility of hiring the selecting right candidate for the right job at right time. The human resource manager should consider the following steps while selecting the candidate for the job. The candidate should be hired based on the CV, interview and test conducted. It is essential to review job applications The candidate should be chosen based on the criteria set for the selection. It is also essential to check the background check and candidate check to select the candidate (Flamholtz 2012). The human resource manager should think carefully and then take a decision on whom to choose for the job. The human resource manager should choose the candidate based on all the steps of the interview process. The candidate one is efficient, has good profile and a good social activity. Candidate 2 has a good experience at job, good knowledge but a bad social life. The dilemma here is to choose one of the two candidates. The manager should choose the candidate based on their experience, their job profile, interview, extracurricular activities, communication style and their knowledge on the particular field. Since, the job requires the candidates to have good social skills, attitude and values judging these skills through facebook is not ethical. It should be judge by taking their interview or tests to know their communication skill as often the information available on social networks are fake (Morris and McDonald 2013). An ethical dilemma 10 Wheres the beef The legitimate stakeholders in the case described are the members of GAME association, the managers of U-Buy and media. They are legitimates because media was responsible for publishing the verdicts of GAME association against U-Buy blaming them for discrimination against gay despite of them not getting involved in such act (Kahane et al. 2015). It is essential to proceed in such situation viability and strategically. A mutual understanding and talking with the GAME association will help solve the problem. It is essential to make them understand that U-Buy is not involved in such discrimination. The similar discrimination will be prevented by analyzing the mail properly and taking it seriously. References Capurro, D., Cole, K., Echavarra, M.I., Joe, J., Neogi, T. and Turner, A.M., 2014. The use of social networking sites for public health practice and research: a systematic review.Journal of medical Internet research,16(3), p.e79. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Ess, C., 2013.Digital media ethics. Polity. Flamholtz, E.G., 2012.Human resource accounting: Advances in concepts, methods and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Kahane, G., Everett, J.A., Earp, B.D., Farias, M. and Savulescu, J., 2015. Utilitarianjudgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas do not reflect impartial concern for the greater good.Cognition,134, pp.193-209. Lipman, S., Kilbride-Newman, R.F., Green, I., Heine, J. and Shmuel, A., Hydrae Limited, 2014.Interacting toys. U.S. Patent Application 14/337,134. Lo, B., 2012.Resolving ethical dilemmas: a guide for clinicians. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Banks, S., 2012.Ethical issues in youth work. Routledge. Mapp, S.C., 2014.Human rights and social justice in a global perspective: An introduction to international social work. Oxford University Press, USA. Matten, D., 2015.Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. Oxford University Press. Morris, S.A. and McDonald, R.A., 2013. The role of moral intensity in moral judgments: An empirical investigation. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 463-479). Springer Netherlands. Natale, S.M. and Doran, C., 2012. Marketization of education: An ethical dilemma.Journal of business ethics,105(2), pp.187-196. Newton, L., Etzion, D., Rasche, A. and Schuler, D., 2013. Business Ethics Quarterly Special Issue Environmental Sustainability and Business: Crisis or Opportunity?.Business Ethics Quarterly,23(04), pp.644-646. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Shaw, W.H. and Barry, V., 2015.Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning. Slade, S. and Prinsloo, P., 2013. Learning analytics ethical issues and dilemmas.American Behavioral Scientist,57(10), pp.1510-1529. Valentine, S. and Hollingworth, D., 2012. Moral intensity, issue importance, and ethical reasoning in operations situations.Journal of Business Ethics,108(4), pp.509-523. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Wells, D., 2013. MGT 444 Social and Ethical Issues in Business. Zona, F., Minoja, M. and Coda, V., 2013. Antecedents of corporate scandals: CEOs personal traits, stakeholders cohesion, managerial fraud, and imbalanced corporate strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,113(2), pp.265-283. Zsolnai, L. ed., 2015.The spiritual dimension of business ethics and sustainability management. New York: Springer.

Africa Is Perhaps The Most Mysterious Continent In The World. Its Eth

Africa is perhaps the most mysterious continent in the world. It's ethnic, social, and religious diversity is impressive. Attempting to discuss a cultural aspect, such as music, without limiting the scope, would be impossible. ?The area of coverage has been limited to Sub-Sahara, Black Africa?(Graham1). When an individual hears the term African music, he probably thinks of the African-American forms, such as Hip-Hop or Reggae. Not many people today know what African music is all about. They do not know anything about it because they probably find the music somewhat primitive. A close investigation, however, will reveal the opposite. African music has a lot of heart and soul in it and went from a form of entertainment to a way of life. African music was not only used as music, as it is used here in the United States. When one thinks of a way of life, he probably thinks of his job, but in Africa not too many people choose music as their occupation. African musicians are people who play while other people dance or are in a group such as Senufo, an orchestra consisting of farmers, blacksmiths, and other tribesmen. (Bebey 3) A lot of Westerners reject African music because it takes hours to understand. Westerners who want to understand it have to accept the idea that it is not as predictable as traditional Western music. Most Westerns like music that is pleasing to listen to but, The traditional African musician's aim is to simply express life in all of its aspects through the medium of sound (Van Rensburg). Music has been a part of Bash 2 most African people's lives since they were born. They start making instruments at the age of three or four, and musical games are also played. Some youngsters even try to imitate their elders in dancing and playing music. There are even increasing amounts of students for piano(University). African music is also used for cheering people up. ?In some African societies music is a dynamic and driving force that animates the life of the entire community? (Van Rensburg). It is sometimes used for sales; some Africans attract their clients by singing. African music is even used for medical purposes, such a practice is called witch doctoring. Griots are said to be witch doctors, but they are a lot more. Griots usually specialize in invoking supernatural beings. In addition many people in Africa use music to communicate to the spiritual world. Baule, harp players, are know to communicate with the spirit world. This characteristic is echoed throughout African tribes. Most harp-lute players are also soothsayers and/or healers? (Bebey 22). The instruments, including the human voice, are varied as the types of music themselves. African musicians usually make their own instruments so that they will suit their own particular tastes. (Bebey 40). The drum is the most important instrument to African music. If it is not present, then it will be substituted by hand clapping or stomping. ?Vocal music is truly the essence of African music. African Musicians use the voice more than anything else. The voice does not diminish the interest to musical instruments?(Bebey 115). Anthropologists were concerning?with the role of music in African society, producing invaluable data on instruments, dances, styles and the emotional and aesthetic content of music?(Graham 16). Bash 3 In numerous African societies, the right to play certain instruments or to participate in traditional ceremonies is not open to all, but is the privilege of the professional musician. In some societies music is not consider a profession at all, which is why there are only a few professional musicians in Africa. African music is nearly always linked with some other art such as poetry or dance (Van Rensburg). Many African societies make it a habit to play traditional African music at least once a day so that it will not vanish. This practice clearly indicates the cultural importance of music to the people. African music has come a long way. What must be remembered is that music involves personal tastes. Not all people enjoy the same music. One's taste in music may reflect his cultural heritage. Some Non-Africans like it, and some do not, but what is most important to Africa is that the tradition continues.

Social Studies Research Project Topics

Social Studies Research Project Topics Social Studies is the study of human beings as they relate to each other and their environments. If you enjoy exploring people, their cultures, and behavior, you should enjoy social studies. There are many disciplines that fit under the umbrella of the social sciences, so you can narrow the field to one that most interests you as you select a research topic. History Topics You might think of history as a branch of study that falls outside the realm of social studies. Not so. In every era of human existence, people had to relate to each other. For example, after World War II, there was great pressure for women to leave the workforce- they had been the backbone of the defense industry, filling vital jobs while men were overseas fighting the Japanese and the Nazis- yet they have shunted aside when the men returned. This created a great shift in the social dynamic in the U.S. Other historical themes offer rich areas for social studies research ranging from inventions that changed the nature of schoolwork to the impact U.S. presidents had when visiting a small town. Local architecture greatly influenced who people interacted with throughout history and even things as seemingly innocuous as the introduction of silverware impacted social norms and etiquette at the nightly dinner table. Diets of Civil War Soldiers and NutritionWWII Women Who Worked and Returned to HomemakingConfederate Symbols and Race in My TownInventions That Changed School WorkMidwives and Birth RatesLocal Architecture PatternsVanity in the Nineteenth CenturyVietnam War and GrandmaCountry Doctors RecordsThe Impact of a Presidents VisitWhen Silverware Came to TownCoal Camps in Local HistoryThe Household Impact of the Discovery of Germs Economics Topics Economics- a social science concerned chiefly with description and analysis of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as Merriam-Webster notes- is, by definition, a social science. Job growth and loss- both nationally and locally- affect not just how people vote but how they relate to each other. Globalization  is a hot topic that often brings people of opposing views into heated arguments and even physical confrontations. International treaties- particularly those focusing on trade- can inflame passions in the electorate overall, in small communities and even among individuals. Do Attractive People Make More Money?What Political Party Creates Job Growth?Is Globalization  Good or Bad?International Treaties - Good or BadHow Does the IMF Work? Political Science Topics Race and politics are obvious areas for sociological study, but so is the fairness of the Electoral College. Many groups nationwide are firm believers in conspiracy theories, which have spawned entire groups devoted to the study and discussion of these topics. Is the Media Really Biased?How Do Polls Work?How Does Fact Checking Work?Race and PoliticsIs the Electoral College Fair?Political Systems ComparedWhat Is the New World Order?Conspiracy Theories Sociology Topics The umbrella topic of sociology can cover everything from marriage customs- including same-sex marriage- to the ethics involved in adopting children from Third World countries. The debate over private-versus-public schools- and the funding that goes with it- is a topic that stirs strong passions and discussions among advocates on each side. And, the ever-present specter of racism is a vexing problem that continues to plague our society. Federal v. State PowerFood RegulationWhat Opportunities Are Available to Specific Minority Groups?Good and Bad Role ModelsReligion and PoliticsBuilding in Flood ZonesMarriage Customs ExaminedSame-Sex MarriageIs It Ethical to Adopt Children  from Third World Countries?Population Control Around the WorldEducation: Private or Government SystemsWill Racism Ever Die?The Roots of Regional Customs in AmericaHow the Internet Affects Our Perception of Truth Psychology Topics Psychology- the study of the mind and behavior- goes to the very heart of what makes human beings tick as well as how they relate to each other, a prime topic for sociological study and research. Everything from local traffic patterns, politics emanating from the pulpit and the impact of Walmart on local communities influences how people think, congregate and form friendships and groups- all issues that make the following list perfect for sociology research paper ideas. The Impact of River Traffic (on your hometown)Where Do Our Apples Come From?Could We Survive on Garden Foods Today?Using a Local CurrencyHow Clothing Prices Affect Teenager ImageDoes Walmart Help or Hurt Local Economy?Voting Habits: Grandmothers and MothersAre We Born Liberal or Conservative?Political Messages from My PreacherTelevision and Test ScoresTechnology and Fitness Among KidsTV Commercials and Self ImageWii Games and Family TimeSuperstitions and Family TraditionsBirth Order and Test ScoresA Secret Poll: Who Do You Hate?Do Unusual Names Affect Grades?Does Home Punishment Policy Affect School Performance?Local Vocabulary PatternsWhy Do We Make Friends?Are Girls Teams as Competitive as Boys Teams?Snow Days: Cold States, Warm States, and Family BondingAnatomy of a Small Town ParadePatterns of Lunchroom SeatingBullying Yesterday and TodayDoes Movie Violence Impact Behavior?Facebook and Family CommunicationWhat Would You Change About Your Body?Procrastination and TechnologyWhy Kid s Tell Lies Clothing and Attitudes: Do Shopkeepers Treat Me Differently If I Dress Differently?Does Citizen Status Affect Students Self-Esteem?Are You Vulnerable to a Cult?How Do Cults Work?

Advising and Counseling Student Athletes by Broughton and Neyer Article

Advising and Counseling Student Athletes by Broughton and Neyer - Article Example It has been mentioned in the literature that the student-athletes can be best counseled by incorporating counseling in four steps which involves academic counseling, life skill development, clinical counseling and performance enhancement. It has been said in the book that the students many time fear the fact that if they seek the advice of counselors they will be considered weak and that may have an adverse effect on their performance and their social image. There are various problems which student-athlete faces and it remains the responsibility of the institutions to cater to all their emotional needs and provide them the support required. The piece of literature here goes on to say that there are yet many flaws in the counseling programmes of the student-athletes and the college authorities should become effective in addressing the existing flaws and review the situation accordingly so that the athletes, as well as the college authorities, benefit from them. The authors Hamilton and Sina, (2001) in the article, â€Å"How College Affects Student-Athletes† refers to the fact that colleges play an important role in the lives of the student-athletes and the concerned authorities should realize their responsibilities and direct their efforts towards the right direction. The athletes should understand that the authorities care for their overall well being. And the authorities should not only focus on athletics that may bring in a negative impact. Rather they should structure policies in a manner that will help the student-athletes in the long run of their lives and it will allow them to fulfill all their dreams. Thus we get to know that academic institutions have a major role to play in the lives of athletes. With more and, more of globalization athletics is a major form of entertainment. The college athletes of the present age are not only shaped by factors of the universities and colleges. They are influenced by a number of other global factors which include social, moral and economic issues.  Ã‚  

Unionization in Baseball Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Unionization in Baseball Organizations - Essay Example Unionization in Baseball Organizations This study will also aim to increase the awareness and provide a better understanding of the issues and problems concerning the major league baseball and its organizations in order to contribute an effective approach in addressing their problems. The research will be based on the following assumptions: (a) all participants will be utilizing the correct procedures as outlined in the guidelines for the specific methodology employed, and (b) all participants will answer questions honestly to the best of their ability. Time will be the greatest limitation to this research, which could hinder long-term outcome objectives. Environmental factors, such as socioeconomic status, will not be controlled, and this could create many variables within the research. As this study will utilize a small sample of respondents, the results may not effectively represent the general population. This study was conducted in order to determine the positive and negative effects of unionization on major league baseball. In this study, the interview method of data gathering was utilized, with a combined total of 25 football players and 25 football managers as participants. For this study, the descriptive method was utilized. In this method, the study became cheap and quick. It also suggested unanticipated hypotheses. This paper utilized the descriptive approach because it is difficult to disregards alternative explanations. Therefore observations are being used to this study. To illustrate the descriptive type of research, Creswell (1994) guided the researcher. "The purpose of employing this method was to describe the nature of a situation, as it existed at the time of the study and explored the cause/s of particular phenomena. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire of the researcher to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study" (Remenyi, 1998). To come up with pertinent findings and provide credible recommendations, this study utilized two sources of research: primary and secondary. Primary research data were obtained through this new research study. Questionnaire survey and in-depth interview was also conducted. On the other hand, the secondary research data were obtained from previous studies on the same topic. The Research Design In order to come up with the most suitable research

Inequalities Within Healthcare Interactions in New Zealand

Inequalities Within Healthcare Interactions in New Zealand KENT JOSEPH PACA INTRODUCTION Inequality is commonly defined as the quality or condition of being relatively unequal and basically there is imbalance or disparity within the circumstance. In the healthcare setting, there are several factors to consider in order for every individual to attain wellness, demonstrate the acquisition and promotion of holistic well-being on all aspect of human life such as physical, social, psychological and spiritual. Knowingly, disparities within healthcare could greatly affect and a considerable factor for it to be a hindrance towards achieving optimum health through all individual. Considering that New Zealand is a multi-cultural country in which the most percentage of its population are immigrant people from all over the world with different ethnic identity, cultural orientation, religion and outlook in life towards healthcare whom each one of these individual most likely are concern with their health status and well-being. These differences are important areas needed to be taken into great consideration as it would probably have a huge impact towards the issue of inequality with regards to healthcare interactions. In this paper, common inequality issues in healthcare interaction being experienced by every pacific islanders, Maori people and immigrants in New Zealand will be provided with interventions and resolutions to somehow reduce inequality and further promote equality among every individual living in this country. BODY In New Zealand, one important dimension of inequality regarding health promotion and any other healthcare situations is ethnic identity considering its differences when it comes to health beliefs, knowledge and ideas regarding improvement of health. It is a proven fact that every individual has his/her right to health, he/she has the right to acquire full healthcare access and quality services and most importantly has the right to have proper information and be given the knowledge and ideas regarding prevention of illness thus promote wellness within oneself. But because of the one determinant to health considered as a barrier for people achieving good health which is communication and professional interaction among healthcare providers to their clients, disparity or unequal treatment are being experience to most people living in this country especially among the pacific islanders and Maori people. Despite the fact that technology is proven to be adequate in terms of resources and fu nding are provided to every individual, the issue of inequality still linger and must be taken seriously as a problem towards achieving optimum health. Inequality in healthcare interaction could widely be affected looking into a person’s socio-economic status and its stability in life. It is a proven fact that inequality roughly limits the opportunities of an individual’s full potential and its capabilities. That is the reason why equality is desirable. With people having a less outlook towards good health and negative perception on it, this could probably affect its concern towards proper well-being. In fact most people having this negative outlook towards health are those individual who are unfortunate enough in terms of socioeconomic status because this will hinder the proper accumulation of the right pattern towards acquisition of equality towards health. These people because of their stability status mostly didn’t have the proper education thus the knowledge and accurate ideas towards prevention of illness, promoting of good health are not properly sustained. Almost all people especially individual living in New Zealand have different outlook towards health. Maori people have their own health beliefs as well as other ethnic people living in this country. These factors are often referred as determinants to health which greatly affect the quality of healthcare for the people. Factors are categorized into two (2); unchangeable and changeable factors. The unchangeable factor refers to the hereditary implications, age and sex to the Maori and pacific islanders in which most of these are growing into an obese individual without any care and concern regarding their dietary intake. Through this factor these individual should be provided with the right information and knowledge regarding the benefit of having a good and balance health condition. Also, they should be given an input on the consequences of having too much of everything especially with their dietary consumption. The changeable factor that would be the most important factor in order fo r this determinant of health to be regulated consists of; Individual lifestyle, social and community influences and working condition. These changeable factors determine an individual’s way of life, on how they survive on a daily basis and its influences socially and in the community. To be specific individual lifestyle of most Maori individual often times associate oneself to daily vices such as the use of prohibited drugs, commonly most of them use cigarette as part of their vices as maybe being influence by their older relatives and ancestors. All of this conditions and factors are negative impacts towards health promotion and such actions on the latter part of life could greatly affect health status of an individual thus consequences of having these vices which are contributing factors leading to bad health behaviour will conclude one’s life if not being manage properly and implementations of reducing such doings will not be applied. Another vital component which plays a role in determining health outcomes is the social environment. The impact of the social environment on health can be seen in the extremely powerful and enduring relationship between health and social and economic inequalities (Dew and Kirkman 2002). The environment surrounding an individual and its social interaction plays a vital role and demonstrate an impact can have on people and their health outcomes. An area that is considered to be a high risk for diseases and infection could be a threatening environment for individual living in the place and somehow promotion of good health outcomes to the people will outweigh the brighter side of its objectives. Most Maori people and other ethnic groups living in New Zealand have different perspective in life concerning health outcomes with most of them rely on their health beliefs in managing health. It is also a concern to some of these people of being non-compliant to treatment plan despite the fact o f having all the access towards quality service of healthcare being provided by the New Zealand government. This attitudes could also somehow are in connection to influential attributes from their ancestors regarding health issues and how to manage such health condition leading to ineffective and disparity towards health. According to the New Zealand Ministry of Health in reducing health inequalities they have provided a framework that entails an implementing and widely comprehensive strategies that will help in overcoming such inequalities in healthcare in this country. They have also proposed some principles for every activity needed to be implemented for inequality issues to be taken into consideration. The proposed framework made by the ministry of health developed four (4) levels in which they foresee these strategies would be beneficial in overcoming inequalities of healthcare. The first level of the strategy is the Structural level. In this strategy the healthcare organization as well as the ministry of health determines the root cause of every inequality experienced by every people in New Zealand. Inequality with regards to socio-economic, ethnical, cultural beliefs and other factors that affects health outcomes are being considered as determinant factors then through these factors planning fo r the implementation will be based on the given and factors being distinguished. Secondly, are the intermediary pathways which target every material, tool needed that intervene every impact that affects health. Next is Health and disability services in which we all know that here in New Zealand policy regarding disability issues are being made in order to compensate every disabled individual in the country. In this way it also promotes equality of healthcare being provided to every individual living in New Zealand especially to individual with disability to Pacific Islander and Maori people. The government promoted different policy on the issue to disability thus giving every individual regardless to its culture, race and ethnicity the rights to live with great lives despite their condition. The last level of strategy to help reduce inequality to healthcare is the Impact. Minimising the impacts or every determinant of healthcare outcomes, disability and illnesses will greatly improv e the quality of life and further develop and promote equality of healthcare. Another factor that influences the reduction of inequality on healthcare is the current implementation of Partnership within New Zealand. This partnership was first represented way back the year 1840 where the signing of partnership Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) took place. During the sequence of events the Maori people’s leaders signed the treaty that enable the British people take authority of the native lands and resources in accordance and in return the Maori people are guaranteed the full right and ownership of their lands and that they will provide security and development to every resources. Maori people are also given the right and privilege to all British subjects. In this recent time, New Zealand is aiming to the principles of partnership; participation and protection for the people of New Zealand attain equality especially in response to Healthcare delivery system. The New Zealand government fully ensure its commitment to good relationship and bond with other Non-government organization (NGO) or the community sector and in partnership with international healthcare organization in the development and promotion of good health for their people. They tend to adhere on policy to better promote social inclusion of its people thus law-making body provide ideas and knowledge to implement growing strategies and methods for social change on the behaviour of every individual leading to improvement and lifestyle modification aiming for community development. One objective of the ministry of health in New Zealand is to promote people’s rights. This includes the full right of gaining access towards quality healthcare, the provision of the ideas and knowledge pertaining health issues must be provided to every individual seeking medical management. Respect is a value also being emphasized for every individual in the country knowing its multi cultural and diversity among people living in the country. It is known that with different culture a nd religion along with it are different beliefs from its religion regarding health but through respecting their own beliefs and take consideration, embracing their way of managing health issues could also be a significant area to reduce inequality of healthcare interaction. People in the healthcare sector should also take full consideration that New Zealand is a melting pot for immigrants with different races and ethnicity. Having a little bit of idea regarding their culture, beliefs and practices is one way of trying to respect them. Healthcare providers should not be complacent in providing quality care basing on their nationality because in providing an equal care to individual is regardless if a person is black or white. And it is important that holistic care should be an important value in the promotion of wellness to every people. CONCLUSION As all things being considered, disparity and inequality in Healthcare especially the interaction between people living in New Zealand could somehow can be greatly discuss as it becomes an issue in healthcare that needs to be given implementation for it to be intervene and promote equality within the promotion and achievement of well-being to every individual in New Zealand. Knowingly, New Zealand is a country recognised to be a melting pot of ethnic group, races and different people living in. With cultural differences in a country it is prominent to have difficulties in terms of interaction to people especially in the healthcare setting. The value of partnership and respect to all rights of individual in New Zealand are values and tool in which inequality issue can be address and resolve. Predominantly, inequality is one of the common issue being experienced by people especially immigrants, Pacific Islanders and Maori people living in New Zealand but nonetheless, the government is taking action and promote strategies overcoming this issues and making this one of their priority concern. Although this will be for a long term process for it to be fully implemented and shows good result regarding the reduction of such barrier of healthcare outcome but still actions were already implemented and every strategy and plans are widely considered for the better of every individual in New Zealand. Several policy regarding promotion of health are made by the New Zealand Ministry of Health in response to quality delivery of the Healthcare system and development towards healthcare such as the Policy for Health management to Maori people and Disability policy to provide care and associate every disabled individual to the community and giving them equal rights to every person in the country. This group of individual are in need of equal treatment and access to healthcare and through this policies they are given the opportunity to achieve and promote wellness despite the condition they are having. REFERENCE Electronic References: He Korowai Oranga | Ministry of Health NZ. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/he-korowai-oranga DHB MÄ ori Health Plans and Health Needs Assessments | Ministry of Health NZ. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/dhb-maori-health-plans-and-health-needs-assessments Health and Pacific Peoples in New Zealand. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/people_and_communities/pacific_peoples/pacific-progress-health/influences-on-health-well-being.aspx The Treaty in brief The Treaty in brief | NZHistory, New Zealand history online. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/treaty/the-treaty-in-brief Journal References: Adams,J., Witten,K., Conway,K. (2009). Community development as health promotion: evaluating a complex locality-based project in New Zealand.Community Development Journal. doi:10.1093/cdj/bsm049 Harris,R., Tobias,M., Jeffreys,M., Waldegrave,K., Karlsen,S., Nazroo,J. (2006). Racism and health: The relationship between experience of racial discrimination and health in New Zealand.Social Science Medicine. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.009 Ajwani, S., T. Blakely, B. Robson, M. Tobias and M. Bonne (2003) Decadesof Disparity: Ethnic Mortality Trends in New Zealand 1980–1999, Ministry of Health and University of Otago, Wellington. Matheson,A. (2005). Engaging Communities to Reduce Health Inequalities: Why Partnership?

Both ‘Of Mice And Men’ and ‘The Mayor Of Casterbridge’ end in Tragedy Essay

Both ‘Of Mice And Men’ and ‘The Mayor Of Casterbridge’ end in Tragedy. In what ways and to what extent do the characters in the novels contribute to their own downfall? Discuss the importance of dreams In this essay I intend to explore the ways in which each main protagonist contributes to their own downfall. Both Michael Henchard and Lennie Small were the main focus in each novel, and both had a major dream, this was obvious from the outset. As well as dreams, I believe that fate had a large role to play in both the novels. It known that Thomas Hardy already explored the idea of fate and wrote this. â€Å"It is not the improbabilities of incident that matter, but the improbabilities of character that matter.† He explains in this quote that the fate of that person is what changes future occurrences, and that this is the overriding factor. I believe that Hardy in particular used these ideas in his novel, I will explore fully whether Steinbeck used these ideas aswell. Steinbeck’s novel was set in the great depression, and this is noticeable throughout the story. And is set at a time when ‘The Great American Dream’ was prevalent in society, Lennies dreams represent those of the American public at the time. Lennies major dream is not only to own a ranch in the country, but to tend rabbits in the garden. â€Å"I’d wish’t we’d get the rabbits pretty soon† Lennies dream is very simple. This is for a variety of reasons. The main one being that he is mentally handicapped, and knew not of what life could hold for him. In contrast to this, The Mayor of Casterbridge offers a more complex view to a dream. The chapter when Henchard sells to wife to the sailor makes Henchard make a solemn vow to never drink again, and also to make something better of himself. This is his dream. A difference between the two novels is that Henchards dream is realised whereas Lennies is not. Henchard manages to relieve himself of alcohol for twenty-one years and becomes The Mayor of Casterbridge. Lennie on the other hand has an unrealistic aim in life; to own the rabbits in such a state was unreachable. We can look at many downfalls. I feel that the major contribution is the death of the main woman in each novel. Lennie kills Curley’s wife, who remains nameless throughout the novel, in a panic. Her death directly leads to Lennies death. Whereas Henchards death is a slow gradual process caused for many reasons affecting him. It is however similar in the way that both protagonists cause or contribute to the two women’s deaths. â€Å"Lennie was in a panic. His face was contorted, she screamed then, and Lennies hand closed over her mouth and nose.† Lennies lack of control of himself was directly responsible for his death. Henchard died because of a death also, this time a seizure to his love Lucetta, which was also involving Henchard. Lucetta’s death was the final blow to Henchard’s deteriorating life. â€Å"Tis me, A procession – a scandal – an effigy of me, and him!† Lucetta and Henchard already had a relationship before their second encounter in Casterbridge. This where the idea of fate is introduced. It was this earlier encounter that persuaded Henchard to pursue an interest in Lucetta. I believe that this was fate, and Hardy suggests this very strongly. It is easy to mix fate with irony and I believe that this is relevant to ‘Of Mice and Men’. I believe that the coincidental meeting of Curley’s wife and Lennie can be related to the encounter of Lucetta and Henchard. I also believe that this is Steinbeck using dramatic irony and not him exploring fate. We can also look at the style of each novelist. Thomas Hardy goes into great detail in all of the events in the book, and includes much deeper descriptions of happenings within the novel. He also explored many more with ideas to do with fate. In contrast to this, Steinbeck’s style contains fewer descriptive sentences, and tells things like they are, In fact he originally named the novel ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.’. The book is also far shorter and has less space to analyse situations in as much detail as Hardy does. In each case, there was deciding factor that sped up the rate of their downfall. It was Lennie’s lack of ability to control his temperament, which, when provoked could lead to him causing terrible injury to his ‘opponent’ as it were in Curley’s case. George however held the ability to counteract Lennies temper. â€Å"Leggo his hand Lennie, Leggo†¦ Suddenly Lennie let go his hand.† Lennie’s inability to remove himself from his panicked state of mind by himself causes Curley’s wife’s death, and his own demise. The Factor that sped up Henchard’s downfall was when the townspeople of Casterbridge found out about his ‘drunkard’ past. As the old Furmity woman told the townspeople everything while being at a trial which Henchard was acting as judge. Henchard could only agree with the woman’s words, and try and cope with the lack of respect that was placed by the townspeople. The obvious main downfall of Lennie was that he killed a Curley’s wife, even though it was not what he meant to do, while in The Mayor of Casterbridge, the obvious main contributor to Henchard’s down fall was his terrible past. From the exact moment when the townspeople found out he had sold his wife and daughter in a drunken rage, they lost all trust in him, and his reputation was left in shatters. In Of Mice and Men, Lennie’s great strength causes him problems, as he uses it in the wrong way. In Weed the town he had worked in before, he had been hunted down for molesting a woman, but all he was doing was ‘petting’ her dress because it felt good to him. When she tried to get away he ‘petted’ harder and became panicked and angry, luckily for her she did manage to escape his innocent grasp; and luckily for Lennie and George they managed to escape the ranch workers: â€Å"An you ain’t gonna do no bad things like you did in Weed, neither† â€Å"They run us outa Weed† Lennie also forgets the bad things he has done in the past. George had to remind that he had done ‘a bad thing’ in Weed, so any anger or panic that he has is soon forgotten. When Curley’s wife walked in to talk to him, just before her death, he had just accidentally killed his puppy. All the panic and anger was still in his mind when she walked in, so when he started ‘petting’ her hair and she wanted him to stop. He was panicking even more than he would have been, as a direct result of the frustration of killing the puppy. So the death of the dog being so close to when he was panicking over Curley’s wife’s hair, contributes to the panic and anger, which caused him to kill her, and cause his own demise. Yet again we find out that Lennies mental state and how he loves to pet things contributes to his downfall, it is also his strength that kills the puppy itself. However in The Mayor of Casterbridge it is not Henchard’s strength that is a problem, but his decision to hire Donald Farfrae, who was on his way to America. Henchard quickly changed his mind and employed him, as he was an excellent businessman. The rewards of his work soon came through, but after Henchards past was brought to public attention, the townspeople looked to Farfrae to become Mayor and gain their trust. If Henchard had not employed Farfrae, then the townspeople would have no one to look to place their trust and respect. So by employing Farfrae he had given himself an enemy, without him the townspeople would not have found a better man than Henchard to be Mayor. When Susan and Elizabeth Jane return to Weydon-Priors, and ask the furmity woman if she knows where Michael Henchard went after he sold them in the drunken auction, this conversation leads to Henchards past leaking out. As it is ironic how at this point she does not know much about his whereabouts or stature, but soon she causes him to lose his reputation and position within Casterbridge. If Susan had stayed with the sailor Newson and not tried to find Henchard, then his past may have stayed secret for a longer time if not forever. So what seemed to be a good event to Henchard did indeed come at the price of revealing his past, which lead to his tragedy Another one of Lennie’s downfalls is inability to stand up for himself. This is illustrated by George and the way he stands up for him in front of any with authority. â€Å"Well, I never seen one guy take so much trouble for another guy. I just like to know what your interest is† I believe that George’s Commandment over Lennie disables Lennies right to stand up for himself, thus leading to Lennie’s inability to stand up to Curly which is also one of his downfalls. A comparison to this can be made to ‘The Mayor of Casterbridge’ in the way that Farfrae’s superiority cripples Henchard. This is true even though Farfrae holds great respect for Henchard at the beginning; much like George does for Lennie. In Of Mice and Men, the character Candy gave Lennie and George false hope; as they dreamed to work on and own their own ranch, Candy offered to pay a great deal of money towards it. The reason for doing this was that his dog was shot because it was too old to work, and he feared that the same fate was to be given to him. He tried to counteract this fate by taking part in what he had already called an unrealistic dream. Every damn one of ’em’s got a little piece of land in his head. An’ never a God damn one of ’em ever gets it. This seemed to be his only way out of the situation. This false hope gave George less money to earn to accomplish his dream and so less working time on Curley’s dad’s ranch, he also gave Lennie more freedom and didn’t watch him as closely as he should have. As one day when out Lennie almost killed Crooks, the stable buck, because he said something bad concerning George. This is how fragile Lennie’s temperament was, and so George should have been more responsible and watched him closely, if he had Curley’s wife would not have died, as George would have been there to stop it happening. Lennie is so dependent on George’s every word that he cannot do anything without George’s approval. Henchard tells Elizabeth Jane that she is his daughter, which he knows not to be true, as Susan had told him this in a letter after she had died. Having Elizabeth Jane believing this meant that she was more affectionate towards him, and tried to win over his love as her father. Unfortunately while mourning at her mother’s grave she met Lucetta, who employed her, and also tried to restart the past relationship with Henchard. If Elizabeth Jane had not met Lucetta then Lucetta would not have met Henchard again, meaning that she would not have died and caused more tragedy in Henchard’s life. Henchard then ran into Newson the sailor, who was Elizabeth Jane’s father, and told him that she was dead. The guilt of telling this lies hung over him, and by this time he was bankrupt, Lucetta was dead, Susan was dead, and he had almost lost Elizabeth Jane. This guilt becomes much worse as on Farfrae and Elizabeth Jane’s wedding day Newson is there and has told her the truth about which her father was. Michael having been on bad terms with her anyway, realises what has happened, so instead of trying to make peace with her he leaves. In Of Mice and Men Lennie shows no guilt in killing Curley’s wife as after he has done it all he cares about is not that he has just killed someone, but that he won’t be able to tend to his rabbits anymore: â€Å"George gonna say I done a bad thing. He ain’t gonna let me tend no rabbits.† Lennie is handicapped, so instead of thinking about what he has done he cares more about not being able to tend to his rabbits. Further more all he thinks about after this is what George told him to do if anything bad happened: â€Å"An he said†¦an hide in the brush till he come.† Lennie is unable to deal with any ‘bad things’ which he has done, and he has to rely on George’s every word to get him out of a mess, these two factors contribute greatly to why his life ended in tragedy. Fate could be seen to have much to do with both of the novels, firstly the definition is: â€Å"A force that predetermines events† In both novels fate played its part, for instance if Henchard had not kept Farfrae in Casterbridge, but let him go to America, would Henchard have failed so badly, or at all. This rivalry is a key part of the novel. If Curley’s wife had not gone to see Lennie in the barn that day, she would have lived. If Elizabeth Jane had not bumped into Lucetta, would the relationship with Henchard have occurred? I I believe that we can put all these happenings down to the responsibility of the individual. for example if George had been more responsible for Lennie, then he would have been there when Curley’s wife went to see Lennie, and stopped any danger. I will repeat my previous statement in saying that the writing style suggests that only ‘The Mayor Of Casterbridge’ contained a fate, I believe that ‘Of Mice and Men’ purely contained dramatic irony. When Henchard made Farfrae stay in Casterbridge, he helped the town out of the crisis they were in. Henchard just made the mistake of thinking he was above Farfrae as the Mayor, but as it shows the mob rules, and the townspeople over through Henchard for the better businessman. In conclusion both novels show us two characters with dreams and hopes, which are in the end unfulfilled, but they go about striving for these dreams, because of many reasons, in very different ways. Of Mice and Men tells of the American depression and a simple migrant worker called Lennie, whose strength, mental disability, dependence on his friend and lack of ability to deal with the ‘bad things’ he has done cause his life to end in Tragedy. The Mayor of Casterbridge is set in the fictional town of Casterbridge and tells of a man who worked himself out of his terrible drunkard state and made something of himself, only to in the end have lost the people he loved, become bankrupt, and died a lonely man. I have shown how both characters contribute to their own tragedy, and how Lennie held an unrealistic dream, which he couldn’t achieve, while Henchard accomplished his dream but was unable to hold onto it. Finally I believe that if fate is blamed for the characters lives, and that if everyone’s life is predetermined, then any responsibility is taken off the person whose life it is; blaming fate is taking the easy way out and people should take responsibility for their actions.